GPDs can be studied through the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering process (DVCS), where the proton is probed by a virtual photon, in order to produce a real photon in the final state and a recoil of the proton remaining intact.In particular, this process is studied in the COMPASS experiment at CERN, where a polarised muon beam of 160 GeV interacts on a liquid hydrogen target. These functions provide information on the longitudinal momentum and transverse position of quarks and gluons, including their correlations. Nevertheless at energies close to the proton mass, the usual perturbative methods cannot be used, and the partons dynamics is therefore orchestrated by structure functions called Generalised Partons Distributions (GPDs). These constituents of matter are actually made out of quarks and gluons (gathered under the denomination of partons), and are governed by the laws of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Our findings may be checked in future lepton-nucleon scattering experiments in the low-$x$ regime, for instance, at a future Electron-Ion Collider at the BNL (EIC), and, if LHeC is realized, at the LHC.Īlthough protons and neutrons are known to be the main constituents of the visible matter in the universe, they still remain nowadays a conundrum in modern physics. At leading-twist/leading-order, the amplitude of the latter is parametrized by complex integrals of the GPDs / dt)$ strongly increases with $t$. They can be constrained by measuring photon leptoproduction observables, arising from the interference between Bethe-Heitler and deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) processes. Generalized parton distributions describe the correlations between the longitudinal momentum and the transverse position of quarks and gluons in a nucleon.
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